CONTENTS. Dedication 21 Preface 23 CHAPTER I. Antiquity of the story of Alabama. — Early Records wanting. — De Soto's baptism of fire with Pizarro. — Sweet-sounding name on the Great Seal. — Celebrated for extraordinary valor. — Opinion of an Indian scholar. — De Soto athirst for greater fame. — The Emperor honors him. — On condition of converting the natives. — His star in the ascendant. — The first horses in America. — He sails for Cuba with his bride. — Nuptial rejoicings. — Mauvila. — Garcilasso de las Vegas. — Sounding v as b condemned by the Spanish Academy. — Terrible battle. — Bancroft's opinion. — A Pyrrhic victory. — Mrs. Semple's reminiscences. — Baptized by Bishop Portier. — Beauties of Clarke County 25 CHAPTER II. Sad details. — Hopeless illness of De Soto. — Pious Preparation for death. — Like the Lives of the Saints. — Touching circumstances. — Far from the scene of their glory and disasters. — The prostrate warrior. — His holy death. — Zeal for the Indians. — Grief of his followers. — The dream of a dream. — The Body, the watchers. — They " steadfastly gazed on the face of the dead." — The oaken coffin. — In the Mississippi. — Beneath the shadow of the Cross. — The first Requiem. — A fountain, the poetry and legend. — Phantom Priests. — Beautiful traditions. — Lived and warred in barbaric glory. — No herald published the death of De Soto. — The faithful Isabella hears the sad news. Dies of a broken heart. The remnant 31 CHAPTER III. Piety of many Spaniards. — Family life. — Isabella the Catholic. — Her daughters emulated her virtues. — Like Alfred. — Picturesque insanity of J uana. — Catholics of the highest type. — Beautiful prayer. — A thoroughly Catholic enterprise. — "The salvation of a soul is worth more than the conquest of an empire."— Catholic homes. — At Avila. — John of the Cross. — St. Teresa's family. — Brothers in America. — Letter of the Saint. — The women of Avila beseech Marshal Serrano to spare the Convents. Life of St. Teresa. — Imprimatur of Archbishop Vaughan 36 CHAPTER IV. "They must conform themselves to the divine will." — Answer to prayer. — Incidents. — "Pray to God for what you need." — Ojeda enters a monastery. — "The Protector of the Indians." — Las Casas, a Bishop.- Beautiful Cuscos. — Bishop Juarez. — De Luna. — Evils exaggerated. — Good minimized. — "Honey from the rock." — "Oil from the flint stone."— Washington Irving on the Priests. — Santa Fe. — Simon Rodriguez writes to King John 43 CHAPTER V. About Melendez. — Goes with Philip II. to England. — Marriage of Queen Mary Tudor. — Her holy death. — The Queen's Chair in Winchester. — Melendez founds St. Augustine. — Holy aspirations. — The first Jesuit. — The achievements of the pioneers. — The Spaniards, the first Apostles. — Gabotas. — On a mission of mercy. — A general massacre. — Total want of care and nourishment. — Burnt at the stake on Palm Sunday. — Arms stacked before the church. — Mercy of the Viceroy. — The earliest priestly explorer. — Wonders he accomplished. — Lay Brothers and Brothers of Third Orders aid the Clergy. — Negro receives the habit. — An Indian also. — Incessant labors of the Franciscans. — Santa Elena. — The Indian world was their parish 47 CHAPTER VI. Melendez recalled to Spain. — He wanted to return to his Indians. — The Invincible Armada. — His holy death. — Invasion of the Huguenots. — They gave no quarter to priests. — Thirty-nine missionaries put to death. — Barbarities of Sorie. — At Havana. — Melendez set his mark on Florida. — Ponce de Leon and the Fountain of Youth. — Everglades. — Bright skies and salubrious air. — Father Cancer scalped by the savages. — Many slain by the pagans. — Brighter days. — Radiations from Santa Elena. — The River of the Holy Ghost. — The Silver Spring. — To restore strength to his tottering limbs and light to hi* faded eyes. — " Bimini ! where none grow old.' —A Radiant Easter Sunday. — Sweet herbs and tisanes. — The Spaniards thought the New World was made for themselves. — Treasure galleons. — Yellow bars and ingots. — Balboa 54 CHAPTER VII. The Blood of the Martyrs. — English and apostate Indians. — Fiendish Cruelty. — The leader of the outrages. — Governor Moore. — Some murderers captured. — Converted by Father Roger. — Holy death. — A Shifting City. — Cardinal Borgia. — Bishop Durango. — " By good example and good works." — Missioners everywhere. — Indian before the pine cross ; Black Robe pouring on his head the waters of regeneration. — Pioneers, First settlers. — Irving's estimate of Isabella 61 CHAPTER VIII. Turnbull of infamous memory. — Commissioned in England. — Brings out 1500 immigrants. — The champion promise-breaker. — Heroism of Father Camps. — Minorcans rise against their oppressors. — They abandon New Smyrna. — Revolting cruelties. — Sorrowful procession. — Turnbull rides after them. — Monette's remark. — Bishops Pellicer and Manucy, descendants of the brave carpenter, Pellicer. — Count Arthur O'Neil, governor of West Florida. — " Where the rivers wander o'er sands of gold ! " — Compelled to migrate in a body. — Inventory. — Persecution. — Merciful regulations of the Council of Nice. — A dry Mass. — A nautical Mass. — Providing for the hearing of Mass. — Holy oils for the Sacraments of Confirmation, Baptism, Holy Orders, and Extreme Unction. — Supplied with the Consent of the Catholic King. — British Honduras. — The Thirteen States. — Father Carroll empowered in 1784. — The Negro. — Slavery. — Convent marriage. — A bower of roses. — New Year's Day. — Louis and Constance. — Slaves in Rhode Island. — Bishop Berkley. 65 CHAPTER IX. First glimpse of Florida. — Mystic Music of Pascagoula. — " Round towers of other days."— Fort McRae. — The Navy Yard. — Fires. — View from the Old Fort. — Behind you. — Palmetto. — Ocean of molten silver. — San Miguel. — Redolent of poetry and romance. — " When I was young a poet sang of me." 78 CHAPTER X. Pamphilo de Narvaez, first Register. — Not the Fortunate Islands. — Converts. — Senor Guzman godfather. — Victories of Galvez. — Bishop Cyrillo. — No freedom from Lord Thurlow. — Historian of Mississippi. — Quoted by Shea. — "Extreme extremities."— A sea of glass mingled with fire. — New parishes. — Father Velez. —Death of Father Camps. — War with the English. — What might have been CHAPTER XI. Iberville at Pensacola. — At Biloxi. — First Mass, April 19, 1700. — Better without grounds than without altars. — Not commercial enterprise, but religion. — In advance of civilization. — Treasure-galleons of Spain. — Chickasaws summoned to a Conference. — Mosquitoes worse than the plagues of Egypt. — Cause much swearing. — A wonderful change — La Salle. — The Copper-hand, Faithful Tonti. — Picturesque Hennepin. — The broken heart. — The Cross and the Te Deum. — An elephant through the eye of a needle. — Sad death. — Did evil spirits guard the Mississippi? 90 CHAPTER XII. "Treasures of the Deep."— The Coral cays of the Carribean. — Shod-mule track from Vera Cruz to Mexico. — Road of the Incas. — Affording passage to Apostolic men. — A Sainted teamster. — Died at Pueblo. — The Lemoyne Brothers. — Merchant prince born a peasant. — Magician of finance. — Welcome immigrants. — Daring feats of the runners. — Missionaries easily found their flocks. — The Name of Jesus allured them. — Wonderful walkers. — The dog-teams. — Curious anecdote 98 CHAPTER XIII. More about mosquitoes. — Would rather be devoured by lions. — Boils lanced. — The Plague of the Passes. — The ugly fashion of wearing patches concealed the bites. — Bienville's country, house. — Fireflies. — Divisions and subdivisions. — Gravier praises Bienville. — Death of King Charles III. — Services for his soul. — Margil at Natchitoches. — Districts. — Increase in population. — Priests. — Iberville. — Deaths. — "Prosperity founded on smoke," Charles I. — Fires. — Claims of the Church. — Humboldt on Alexander VI 103 CHAPTER XIV. Names and Offices of the early priests 110 CHAPTER XV. The well under the hickory tree. — Flood. — French and Spanish sing the hymns of the Church. — Bienville's knowledge of the Indians. — Birch canoes, Calabash rafts. — " A pass over the whole system."— Peltries from the land of the patient back. — The bell of the fig-tree. — Ambition to bring souls to God. — In the shade of the Ceiba tree. — The only way to convert the Indians. — Beautiful picture by Prescott. — Olmedo. — War-cry, Sant Iago! — The expiring age of chivalry. — Where the light lingered longest 110 CHAPTER XVI. Biloxi, first capital. — Details. — Renounce all that is transitory. — Without earthly comfort. — Registers. — Sufferers in a holy cause. — A wolf in sheep's clothing. — Bishop of Babylon. — Mobile, a parish, July 20, 1703. — De la Vente, Huve, Davion,— Vicar of Kebec— Bienville receives the Taensas. — Death of Louis XIV. —Of his queen. — The most influential woman in French history. — "I have a great devotion to Extreme Unction." — "I have spared others ; I never spared myself." — Death of Bishop St. Valier. — Later priests. — Progress in Mobile. — Church dedicated. — Galvez styles it "La Purissima."— Registers original. — A prodigy of ignorance. — Fleurian, a royal Councillor 116 CHAPTER XVII. Abjurations of heresy. — Visitation by Bro. Raphael. — Lack of holy oils. — Endoyer. — Jesuit recalled to New Orleans. — Jesuits in Mobile. — Roche h Davion. — Father Ferdinand. — Other priests. Registers in Spanish. — Kindness of priests to each other. — Death. — Many Acadians. — Not to care for the soul of his neighbor was to put his own in jeopardy. — Father de Beaubois vanishes from History. — Madame de Bore, a pupil of St. Cyr. — Mosquitoes again. — Biloxi. 122 CHAPTER XVIII. The prophetic wail of the Indian maiden. — The mist which shrouds the river. — History. — The tulip mania. — The South-Sea Bubble. — Like the gourd of the Prophet. — Guthrie. — Wax myrtle. — Hewers of wood and drawers of water. — They serve their purpose. — " Irish priests of great repute," from Spain. — The O'Connor Bishops take special interest in the weaker races. — As do all the Bishops. — Salamanca a royal College. — Founded by Philip II. — Partly endowed from the estate of the famous chieftain, O'Sullivan Beare. — Present Rector, Father O'Doherty. — Decorated by the King of Spain. — Father Hennepin. — Chaplain to Conde's soldiers. — Travels. — Not allowed to return to Canada. — Name stamped on Minneapolis 128 CHAPTER XIX. Two meek men in a frail canoe. — Membre's Relations. — Labors of Davion. — Another martyr. — City of Rosalie. — Sun- worshipers. Human victims. — By land and water. — Sale of liquor to the Indians. — Not allowed in Arizona. — A priest at Villa Gayoso. — Irish priests. — The stars and stripes. — Love for the Spaniards. — A fine organ destroyed. — Relic of the beheaded King of France. — The Spirit above. — Tormada. — Priests render heroic service. — Mission by Father Timon. — First priest ordained. — Dr. Carroll receives the Pallium. — Letter of Bishop Cheverus — Consecration of Bishop de Neckere. — Father Jean-Jean flees. — Order of Mercy. — U. S. Government sends money through this Order to rescue from captivity Americans in the piratical States of Barbary. — Indians love the French. — Jesuits and Lazarists. — Mr. and Mrs. Pierce Connelly. — Good deeds of Seraphine Ray. — Signor Inglesi. — Charlevoix. — Bishop Chanche. — His death 133 CHAPTER XX. Death of Father Blondin. — Don Jose Vidal. — Father Vidal. — Gave his patrimony to the poor. — Bell given by Prince Torlonia of Rome. — Anecdote. — Gift of Miss Emily Harper. — Heirlooms. — The greatest living Latinist. — Telemachus. — Christ Church a landmark, 1805. — Visit of Lafayette. — He calls on Pere Antoine, April 13, 1825. — The Courier. — A man of '76. — Paintings from Cardinal Fesch. — Bishop Conwell baptizes a Prince. — Ex-King of Spain godfather. — He gave the Bishop a ring that had been worn by Cardinal Ximenes. — Bishops Rosati and Portier invited to the Baltimore Council. — Bishops call on the Signer. — Charles Carroll described by his granddaughter, Miss Emily Harper. — Prejudice. — Heroic patience of Archbishop Carroll and St. Alphonsus. — The Society of Jesus restored. — Death of Archbishop Carroll. — Letter. 142 CHAPTER XXI. Charlevoix's plea for Louisiana bring the Jesuits to its aid. — Ursulines arrive at the Mississippi— The welcome of Father de Beaubois. — Sketch of the arrival of the Ursuline Sisters. — Madeleine Hachard's description of New Orleans. — The Sisters begin their work. — Massacre by the Natchez Indians 147 CHAPTER XXII. Corner-stone. — Sodality in New Orleans, 1730. — Much good done. — Death of the Ursuline Superior. — Her labors for New Orleans. — "Not lost but gone before."— Details.-— "The first fruits of the Spirit." — Funeral. — Madeleine Hachard dies suddenly, 1760. — Daily preparation for death. — Sister Angelica welcomes the Acadians. — Charity bursts open the cloister door. — An aged Portress. — Scenes of a day that is done. — Sir Thomas Dongan issues a Charter of Liberties. — Mother Duchesne. — Picture of a Vision. — The Hope of Christians 152 CHAPTER XXIII. Prejudice against the Jesuits. — The Superior Council follows the evil example of France. — Chapels destroyed. — Crimes of the Jesuits. — A foregone conclusion. — Jesuits make a spirited defense. — Nothing but edification, results. — They are deprived of house and home. — The chief people lavish kindness on them. — Goodness of Monsieur MacCarty. — The Capuchins overwhelm them with favors. — Continued marks of friendship. — The Jesuits show much gratitude. — The Jesuits suffered every indignity. — Five Capuchins for 4,000 people. — Odious vice of ingratitude. — The dust of Father Ferdinand. — A contrast to the " Home of the Happy." — The Ursulines could write another M Evangeline."—" A few acres of snow."— The King refuses to keep Louisiana. — His letter to Gov. Abbadie. — Ulloa driven from New Orleans. — A murderous act. — Dagobert receives O'Reilly. — A grand military function. — O'Reilly's acts. — Proofs of his genius. — " Flee, 'gentlemen ! "—The retributive justice of God. — Incidents. — Miniatures of O'Reilly. — Said to resemble Washington. — Birth and early education. — Success in the Spanish army. — Saves the life of Carlos III. — Michaud's opinion. — O'Reilly and his friend, Pollock. — O'Reilly averts a famine. — His manners perfect 158 CHAPTER XXIV. O'Reilly's administration. — Concordia. — Loss of the Jesuits deplored by the Ursulines. — A tiny Babe. — College of Orleans. — Lakanal. — He goes to Mobile. — The Vine and the Olive. — Demopolis. — School in the Ursuline grounds. — Acadians charged with ingratitude. — Indians in Congress. — They promise not to scalp white captives. — Blacks and Browns 169 CHAPTER XXV. Trinity College. — The King of Spain sends Irish priests to Florida. —Much good done by Philip II. — Irish boys find in Spain " a refuge from famine and danger."— " The Olive branch." — Strictness of religious Orders in Spain. — Emigres. — Cahildo. — No relaxation in O'Reilly's atmosphere. — His successor 174 CHAPTER XXVI. Pere Dagobert. — Ecclesiastical Superiors. — Mons. Vezin, a model Christian. — O'Reilly's administration not complained of. — Dagobert fond of singing. — O'Reilly's fine social qualities. — "God is the true Patron of honest people." — Francisco Bouligny. — Mrs. Baldwin, nie Bouligny. — O'Reilly's letters greatly to his credit. — Always ready to oblige and do favors. — Convent ceremonies. — Insurrection of San Domingo. — The aged Rene Mesnard was lost in the forest— His cassock and breviary kept as amulets among the Indians. — The churches Crown property. —Never claimed by State. — Bishop Cyrillo buried Dagobert. — Left nothing undone for his immortal soul. — Strange stories about Pere Dagobert. — Tintin Calandro's music. — " When the weather is warm and sweet."— At midnight the dead arise. — They shake off the cerements of the grave. — The Feast of the dead. — Our Lady of the Snow. — Artificial snow. — These wierd times have passed away. — Liberas, Requiems, Mass. — The dead no more greet the dead. — A Queen of Spain asked a Pope to open a College for Irish youths. — Calle del Corazon. — High School 179 CHAPTER XXVII. Guzman godfather. — Details. — Victories of Galvez. — Catholic religion restored. — New Register. — Contents. — Cyrillo. — He awaited funds for transportation. — Received none 187 CHAPTER XXVIII. Missionaries live in their canoes. — As in Central America. — Sale of Tafia 189 CHAPTFR XXIX. Bishop Blanc gave a retreat and a mission. — Trustees submit. — King Louis Philippe offers eight places in the Seminary of Bordeaux for students. — Advantages of Mobile. — All can make a living there. — The people were pious. — A vicariate as large as France. — Le Sueur. — Mass under the shady magnolia. Vestments, the skins of beasts. — The Indians kept the Faith. — Bishop Portier's first Mass on his return. — His disciples weep at the contrast. — Good health of the Ursulines. — Of their chaplains. — Also of their household. — Father O'Reilly of St. Augustine wills property for a Visitation Convent. — Kindness of the Bishop. — " I am with you" — A terrific storm. — No life lost. — Many injured by flying slates, etc. — The Noche trtste. The Bishop consoles them. — Words of cheer. — They build a church. — A cloud. — A pillar of fire. — Convent in ashes. — Mary Campbell. — Prophetic words. — Cure d'Ars. — Bishop dies. — Civil war. — New Convent. — Mother d'Arreger. 190 CHAPTER XXX. More Missionaries. — Father de la Croix. — Pietus Belgarum erexit. — The children. — Bishop Portier buys more land. — To carry out the Bishop's prophecy. — Mobile blockaded. — In want of food and clothing. — Sisters go to New Orleans for relief. — Under a neutral flag. — Captain arrested. — Interview with General Banks. — War times. — Outlook gloomy. — The worst over. — Two nuns go to France. — Paris, Boulogne, Lyons, Dijon, etc., Miss Young's choice of schools. — Angela Johnson. — Remark of the Archbishop. — His sudden death. — The see of Natchez. — Religion flourished under Archbishop Blanc. — He breaks his leg while hastening to the sick 197 CHAPTER XXXI. Visitation nuns erect a convent. — The exquisite Church of the Sacred Heart. — Foundation in humiliation and suffering. — Fifty years ago. — Church begun in 1894. — "Education without religion worse than ignorance." — Friends of Napoleon, 1817. — "The more godless schools we open, the more jail room shall werequire." — Yellow fever. — Bishop England's devotion to the stricken. — Grand Coteau. — A prediction. — The Indian Laws. — Indians always among the whites — Father Loras. — Saving a soul by every stroke of the paddle. — Crosses. — Father Bazin, Bishop of Vincennes. — Dagobert. — Hurricane and fire. — Transfers. — Almonaster's Cathedral. — The taking of Louisiana by O'Reilly and the marriage of Almonaster's daughter, the grandest ceremonies in early days. — Pontalba Buildings. — Sereno. — Coat of arms over graves. — Tolling bells in memory of Almonaster. — Louis Philippe in New Orleans. — Yo el Rey. — Death of Almonaster. — Buried in Cathedral 203 CHAPTER XXXII. Michael Portier goes with Bp. Dubourg to America. — Attacked by yellow fever. — Opens school. — Chosen bishop. — New Orleans, the most important diocese next to New York. — Great increase, but non-Catholic. — Bp. Portier gets help from Europe. — Father Jean-Jean hiding. — Ceremonies. — Italian priests. — Seraphine Ray. — Her brilliant reception. — Her experience with Madame Mere and the Court Ladies. — " Vanity of Vanities." — " The Curran of the Alabama bar."— Thanks of the King. — Guizot. 213 CHAPTER XXXIII. In watery regions. — Awful conflagrations. — " A thousand years scarce serve to form a state, An hour may lay it in the dust." — The Havana Bishopric. — Poor sailors' hospital destroyed. — Rebuilt by Almonaster. — City nearly destroyed again. — Sketch of Pefialvert — Carondelet's letter. — The Church seemed a failure here. — Virtue not left to be its own reward. — Zeal of the new Bishop. — Descendants of those who drove out the Jesuits. — Mother Ramos defends Cyrillo. — Professions. — New Cathedral blessed Dec. 24, 1794. — Civil and ecclesiastical authorities. — Blessed Sacrament carried to the new Church. — Te Deum by the whole congregation. — All congratulate Don Andres Almonaster. — His glory excites envy. — The King defends him. — " Such is my royal will." 218 CHAPTER XXXIV. Changes. — Claiborne, first American Governor. — He lectures the V. G. — Intriguing for the return of the Spaniards. — Claiborne's estimate of Padre Sedilla. — He forces him to take an oath of allegiance. — Bishop Pefialvert on leaving diocese gave no charge to Pere Antoine. Would rebel against the United States. — Pere Olivier complains to the V. G. in Cuba. — No redress. 227 CHAPTER XXXV. Bishop Pefialvert appoints Fathers Hassett and Walsh administrators of New Orleans diocese. — Padre Sedilla rebels. — Takes forcible possession of the Cathedral. — Placed under an interdict. — Vicar-General Walsh issues a powerful pastoral. — He speaks with no uncertain voice. — Death of Father Hassett. — Pastoral of Patricio Walsh, Head of the diocese. — Extracts. — Letter to the Moniteur. 229 CHAPTER XXXVI. Death of Father Walsh. — Deeply lamented. — Right of patronage transferred by royal cedula. — The Cathedral has a tenure of offering services for the founder. — We heard the silvery bells for half an hour, March 30, 1907. — Letter of Bishop Carroll. — To Mr. Madison. — Mr. Chastillon. — Much information in contemporary Catholic literature about the schism. — Marriage .of Almonaster's widow. — Charivari. — Absurdity. — Legal decision. — Bent on giving annoyance. — The clergy obliged to leave the parochial residence. — Insult to Father Perche. — Only two places where Mass could be said lawfully. — Abbe' Olivier. — Father Sibourd succeeds. — Catholic population half a million 234 CHAPTER XXXVII. Lord Culpepper. — The broad charter of equal rights for all as to religion emanated from the able mind of James II. — Father Sedilla evoked a spirit he could not quell. — Anthony Blanc, Archbishop. — Persecution of Father Perche'. — Incident. — Adrien Rouquette. — Cessation of the schism 240 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Father Timon gives a mission. — Bishop Vandevelt prepares the way for his successor. — Grand celebration of the Battle of New Orleans in 1843. — Share of Bishop Dubourg in establishing the Propagation of the Faith. — Pauline Marie Jaricot. — The trustees mostly freemasons. — They strike the name of God from their ritual. — Link between Versailles and the wigwams. — The Coast never famous for mineral wealth 244 CHAPTER XXXIX. Denis Prieur's administration. — Father Sedilla died. — Who was he? — Sent back to Spain. — An alleged attempt to introduce the Inquisition. — Alarm of Governor Miro. — Report of Miro to his Government. — Miro blamed. — (Andoyo's History.) — Nothing unpleasant happened the Friar. — Marguilliers want to mortgage the Bishop's property. — A masonic monument. — Not admitted to the Sacraments. — The Ursulines write to the Pope. — His kind, courteous reply. — Dr. Dubourg consecrated Bishop. — He gets four excellent priests from Rome. — Aid from the French King — A frigate— Goes to Natchitoches to administer the last sacraments to the grand-daughter of the Duke of Orleans. — Particulars. — Administrator-Apostolic. — Evil times. — Lakanal, the regicide. — First ice thrown into the river. — Water in Cisterns. — Dubourg plays an honorable part at he English invasion. — Story of the Battle. — Jackson asks for a thanksgiving service. — Pageant in the Place d'Armes. — O'Reilly's pageant over forty years before. — Gratitude of the Ursulines. — Visited by Jackson. — Our Lady of Prompt Succor. — "Thou art the glory of Jerusalem." 247 CHAPTER XL. Bishop Pefialvert promoted. — A subject of Spain. — Goes as Archbishop to Guatemala. — Sight sickness. — Natchez. — Foreign Colleges. — Commercial Gazette 259 CHAPTER XLI. Bishop Dubourg. — Catholics pained at the rebellion of trustees. — Public opinion against them. — Farewell letter. — Oil painting from Rome. — John Mullanphy of Youghal. — A kind of Almonaster. — Rosati. — Resignation of Bishop Dubourg. — Sad news. — M Calamity of his time."— F. Sedilla. — Bishop Dubourg helps to found the Sisters of Charity. — Wilhelmin a Louise. — Schools. — Osage Indians. — Bishop of Olena 263 CHAPTER XLII. Tresors in Europe. — Trustees again. — Much intercourse between the missions. — Order for the redemption of captives. — "The King's highways." — Spring Hill. — Jesuits take charge of Spring Hill. — East Florida detached from Mobile diocese, and added to Savannah 269 CHAPTER XLIII. Father Antonio. — Description. — From a pamphlet. — Grave charges. — The alms-giver. — His purse. — His Hermitage. — His obsequies. — "Masons of all branches " invited. — St. Anthony's Alley. — " Save me from my friends."— Opinion of Dr. Castelanos. — Sedilla's closing years. — "He was an eye to the blind and a foot to the lame." — "Come, ye blessed of my Father." — Three thousand wax candles. — The people cut his cassock for souvenirs. — Buildings draped in mourning. — The daily Journals. — Resolutions of political bodies. — The Courrier. — Religious services. — Opinion of Sir Charles Lyell, the English geologist. — Description of Antoine. — The date palm 273 CHAPTER XLIV. Oration by Edward Livingstone. — He adjourns the court 282 CHAPTER XLV. Celebrated Jesuits in the war. — The oldest survivor of the Jesuits that sailed from Marseilles, Father de Carriere, eighty-nine years. Father Cambiaso, a descendant of the Doge of Genoa. Spread of Religion. — The historic cities of the South. — Zealous priests change east of Florida. — Santa Elena. — The Spanish colors and the Harp of Erin. — " Forgetting the world and by the world forgot."— The Royal Hibernia Regiment. — Labors of the Irish priests in Florida. — Bishop England sends help. — A typical Catholic City. — The dip of the oar. — Consoled by the Communion of Saints. — Its fading splendors. — St. Augustine is flourishing to-day. — When her ship comes in. — A grand chapter in history yet to be written 284 CHAPTER XLVI. Bishop England. — O'Connell's praise. — Bishop of Charleston, 1820. — Bishop England's sister, Sister Mary Augustine. — Her piety and zeal for the Church. — Gayety of the Southern Capital. — Slaves, the Bishop's first care. — His first effort to form a domestic priesthood. — His death. — Mourning in Baltimore. — Bishop Kenrick presided at his obsequies. — The graves of the first three Bishops of Charleston. — Spring Hill College. — Bishop Porlier. — Brothers of the Sacred Heart invited from France by the Bishop. — Alabama. — Father Rouquette 292 CHAPTER XLVII. Mobile a refuge for the Indians. — Destruction in the Apalache country. — Appointment of a resident Bishop of Florida. — The zeal of Bishop Fejada. — Oglethorpe laid siege to St. Augustine. — Bishop Fejada promoted to the see of Emenden. — Founded a refuge for penitent women in Spain. — The first mission is southern Florida. — Persecution of Bishop Morell. — First Mass said in Charleston (1786). — Bishop Morell's arrest the subject of an oil painting in Havana Cathedral. — His death at Havana, 1768 304 CHAPTER XLVIII. Pensacola taken by Champmeslin, who set fire to the fort and town. — Ceded to the U. S., 181 9. — The Franciscans refused the return of their convent and mission. — Bishop Calderon's kindness to the Indians. — Education and polish of the Indian chief 310 CHAPTER XLIX. The hospital at St. Augustine. — Rev. Father O'Reilly erects large church. — His death in 1812. — Observatines recalled from Florida. — The work of Bishop Verst 313 CHAPTER L. The Cathedral of St. Augustine. — Removal of Pensacola to its present site. — Derivation of the name. — Early history of the city. — The church history here. — Hostility of the trustees. — Building of high roads. — Education of the colonists. — The early priests 316 CHAPTER LI. Clamoring for the Black-robes. — The Red sticks. — Military Companies in Spring Hill. — Great excitement on the secession of Virginia. — Boys go home. — Fortifications begun. — Federals take Mobile. — Epidemic in City. — Confederate Government organized. — Jefferson Davis. — All communication cut off. — Mass wine from the scuppernong. — Salt from sea-water. — 89th Regiment furloughed. — College destroyed by fire. — New College begun by Right Rev. Bishop Quinlan. — Students at Grand Coteau 325 CHAPTER LII. Fort Marion. — St. Augustine. — George's St. — Under English rule. — Industries. — Cottages rented. — Many from the "American Isles."— The Sea wall. — The slave market. — Time did not stop for Ponce. — He had at heart the salvation of the Indians. — Wounded by an arrow, — " A lion mightier in deed than in name."— An immense hostelry. — The old bell, 1872. —Rings out the morning, noon, and night, Angelus,— The real gold of Florida. — Fruits. — The Catholic missioners in advance of the explorers. — Memories mistaken for hopes. — Heroism of Father Lopez. — Conversion of the old Cacique. —Vicious Red men. — Captain Jonathan's journal. — Pious Indians. — School. — Life-saving organization destroyed by the English. — Moore seeking for towns to rob and Indians to enslave. — Burn church under the guise of friendship. — A religious war. — Three towns burned. — The Convent of the Franciscans perished. — The fine library burned. — Greek and Latin Fathers. — The Spanish monarch ordered the rebuilding of church. — Sends funds. — Dreadful tortures. — Father Miranda appealed to Moore to prevent such cruelty. — Burned at the stake. — A thousand Indians sold as slaves by Governor Moore. — The butcheries in Florida by a Christian Governor of a Christian State 327 CHAPTER LIII. The Wesley Brothers. — Exceedingly unpopular. — They failed in the South as Berkley did in the North. — Fictitious. — Sir Francis Drake a daring pirate. — One of the Blue Laws. — English pirates scour the Spanish Main. — Drake trying to rob Spanish Galleons and murder Catholics. — Queen Elizabeth was a smuggler and a slave-merchant. — Drake gave her a banquet on his ship, the Pelican. — She makes him a knight. — He plunders Fort St. John. — He excommunicates heretics and executes deserters. — "Aloft in awful state, The godlike hero sat." — The Pelican, a Protestant relic. — Drake "singed the Spanish King's beard" once too of ten. — His death, 335 CHAPTER LIV. The Chastang Brothers. — The Bluff. — Dr. Chastang marries a Slave. — Descendants Catholics. — Captain Finegan helps them to build to church. — Over 200 Catholics. — Right Rev. Edward Patrick Allen makes a visitation. — Forty-six receive confirmation. — A woman of ninety. — Before the war. — A school at the settlement. — Morenos, or browns— Nomenclature of Mobile streets. — Room for the working man. — " The song of the Lord in a strange land."— Sources of immigration. — McClary hoists the American flag. — Irish clergy. — Cemetery 200 years old. — Tombs. — Brick imported. — Seminoles. — New Cemetery. — Treaty-parties Count Arthur O'Neil, and Don Martin Navarro. — Long observed. — Anecdote 339 CHAPTER LV. Annoyances from the Marguillers. — Federals and Confederates friendly to the clergy. — College. — Church property swept away in St. Augustine. Casa Episcopal given to Protestants. — Bishop Verot obtains Sisters of Mercy. — Their schools soon full. — Success with the Colored race. — "I am a little Catholic." — With more vigor than beauty. — A new cemetery at San Lorenzo. — A Catholic Colony at San Antonio 345 CHAPTER LVI. Deserted villages. — St. Stephen's— "Pushmataha love the white man."— The old earthworks. — The name of God excluded. — Dismal prophecy. — Incident. — The slowest to pay. — The Benedictines. — Colored Congregations. — A brave struggle. — The Blakely people Christians. — The old graveyard. — Lines of Dr. Stoddard on his wife, Lavinia. — Ruins of Cahaba. — Once a prosperous city. — No trace of cross or sanctuary. — "Is any one sick among you?" Good Father McGarahan. — His death hastened by the overthrow of Confederacy 349 CHAPTER LVII. Ursulines in contact with all sorts of persons. — Laussat. — Thomas Jefferson. — James Madison. — Brackenridge. — Monroe. — Claiborne. — The nuns turn their schools into hospitals after the battle. — Jackson's friendship for the Sisters. — 200 Sisters since the beginning. — "Under such influence woman must become what she should be." — The Visitandines in Mobile the pride of Alabama as the Ursulines are the pride of Louisiana 353 CHAPTER LVIII. Bishop Dubourg and the grand-daughter of the Duke of Orleans. — Details. — Father Margil. — San Miguel at Adayes 358 CHAPTER LIX. Mother Seraphine Ray governed the Ursulines nearly thirty years. — Bishop Portier announces Mother Seraphine's election in a voice of thunder : "une voix de tonnere!" Mother Seraphine receives two sisters made homeless by the burning of their Convent, Charleston, Mass. — Monday night, Aug. 11, 1834. Sister McClare de Costa, and Mother Augustine O'Keeffe. — Death of Sister de Costa. — Of Mother Augustine 360 CHAPTER LX. Touching details of an early explorer of Alabama. — As far as Tennessee, with parts of Florida, Tristan de Luna. — Dissensions on his ship. — The discontented in the majority. — In Holy Week, 1 561, a reconciliation was effected. Brothers Salacar and Annunciation labor to secure peace. — Solemn scenes. — Humility of the Governor. — He deplores his fault. — The dangerous office of peace-maker. — Anecdotes. — Brother Domingo Annunciation accompanies de Luna to Florida. — His holy life for nearly a century. — ("From the Spanish Settlements, 1513-1561." By Woodbury Lowery, New York and London, 1901.) 362 CHAPTER LXI. Bishop Portier favors Mobile. — His character. — But one Visitation Convent in America. — He selects the Foundress, Madame D'Arreger. — The first flock. — Sister de Austin Barber, the famous teacher. — The children, the grand-children, the great-grand-children of the first pupils. — The sites of College and Convent are in the country. — The site of the Cathedral given in the administration of Galvez. — Mobile peculiarly fortunate in her chief pastors. — Bishop Quinlan. — " Pray for his immortal soul ! " Bishop Manucy. — Bishop O'Sullivan. — Right Rev. Edward Patrick Allen. — The Visitation nuns found many kind friends in their troubles of fire and water 366 CHAPTER LXII. The extraordinary indulgence of the Portiuncula. — Attached to the Ursulines' Chapel in the Eighteenth Century by the Capuchines. - The Chapel of Our Lady of Prompt Succor is the seat of an arch-confraternity. - Most Rev. Archbishop Perche when chaplain of the Ursulines 370 Digitized by Google. 

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